Doxing: The Dark Side of OSINT

Exploiting a target is much easier when you know their vulnerabilities. However, learning their vulnerabilities can only come from research. Doxing is a form of Open Source Intelligence. The word originated from an abbreviation of the term “dropping documents.” Doxing is the dark side of OSINT. It is the act of compiling a dossier against the victim and publishing it online. Anyone can fall victim to doxing. The methods used to gather information are the same as those used in OSINT. Performed through publicly available resources, doxing is similar to OSINT in that the action itself is not illegal. However, when used to exploit, harass or threaten someone, doxing becomes a serious crime.

Often used to harass, coerce, or shame a victim into compliance, vigilante justice is a common motivation for doxing. Additionally, hacktivism is another motive. Hacktivism is the use of hacking for social or political gain. A form of social engineering, doxing can pose serious risk to personal safety. Furthermore, doxing can have implications on cybersecurity as well. And it is for these reasons that doxing is the dark side of OSINT.

Doxing is a Threat to Personal Safety

Doxing can pose a serious threat to safety by exposing a person or company over the internet. Cyberbullies and Cyberstalkers use doxing as a form of harassment to intimidate or extort the victim. Additionally, doxing can lead to being targeted for physical harassment outside of the internet. This can include innocuous harassment such as magazine signups and fake pizza deliveries. Doxing can also result in the leaking of private photos. But it can also lead to more serious harassment like stalking, or even a tactic known as “swatting.”

Swatting occurs when someone calls the police to report a fake hostage situation to an address. This will elicit a police response which includes the S.W.A.T. team. In 2017, a man was killed by police in the doorway of his own home during a case of swatting in Kansas. A gamer had given his rival a fake address during a dispute, and the rival called police to report a hostage situation. Additionally, a hit list can even be compiled with the use of doxing. Shared online, the hit list can then be used to inspire multiple assailants to participate in a targeted attack.

Threats to Cybersecurity

Doxing can also compromise the cybersecurity of the victim. Hackers may use doxing to extort the individual for financial gain. The victim may be shown their information in an effort to prove the it is genuine. They use it to obtain leverage used to blackmail the victim into compliance. This can take place against either an individual or a corporation.

Security flaws or vulnerabilities can be shared online for hackers to exploit. Doxing and social engineering go hand in hand. Used to obtain information, doxing is a form of reconnaissance. This information is then used to leverage and coerce companies or professionals into compliance.

Through the use of a WHOIS query, hackers can obtain email addresses, phone numbers and names. Additionally, they can even find out the owner of the domain, DNS servers or the names of servers. Once an attacker has this information, they could ultimately use it to discover profiles or company directories. Thus, leading to a targeted social engineering attack.

Protecting Yourself

Doxing can lead to serious data breaches or personal attacks. The first line of defense is to be careful what you share on social media. Social engineers scan profiles looking for information that can be used in an attack. Always be careful what information you give to persons unknown to you. Education on social engineering tactics can prevent attacks and oversharing of personal data.

If you purchase a domain name, choose the private WHOIS feature. This ensures that your information stays more secure against unwanted access. Use multiple emails for online accounts. Do not use the same email for every activity. Searching for yourself online is another tool to protect yourself. knowing what information is online allows you to scrub your accounts and personal data. Closing social media and online accounts that you no longer use is the best way to scrub your information. Protection comes from pro-activity and cyber awareness.

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d) The physical address, telephone number, and email address;
e) A statement, in which you state that the alleged and disputed use of your work is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agents or the law;
f) And finally, a statement, made under penalty of perjury, that the aforementioned information in your notice is the truth and accurate, and that you are the copyright or intellectual property owner, representative or agent authorized to act on the copyright or intellectual property owner’s behalf. The American Publishing, LLC Agent for notice of claims of copyright or other intellectual property infringement can be contacted as follows:
Mailing Address:
American Publishing, LLC
Attn: Copyright Agent
17 Hoff Court, Suite B
Baltimore, Maryland 21221
Telephone: 443.231.7438
Fax: 410.238.2835
Email: karen.austin@uscybersecurity.net
CLOSED CAPTIONING
BE IT KNOWN, that American Publishing, LLC complies with all applicable Federal Communications Commission rules and regulations regarding the closed captioning of video content. For more information, please visit our website at www.uscybersecurity.net.

GENERAL INFORMATION
ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This TOS constitutes the entire agreement between you and American Publishing, LLC and shall govern the use of our Services, superseding any prior version of this TOS between you and us with respect to American Publishing, LLC Services. You may also be subject to additional terms and conditions that may apply when you use or purchase certain other American Publishing, LLC Services, affiliate Services, third-party content or third-party software.

CHOICE OF LAW AND FORUM
It is at the mutual agreement of both you and American Publishing, LLC with regard to the TOS that the relationship between the parties shall be governed by the laws of the state of Maryland without regard to its conflict of law provisions and that any and all claims, causes of action and/or disputes, arising out of or relating to the TOS, or the relationship between you and American Publishing, LLC, shall be filed within the courts having jurisdiction within the County of Baltimore, Maryland or the U.S. District Court located in said state. You and American Publishing, LLC agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts as previously mentioned, and agree to waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over the parties by such courts and to venue in such courts.

WAIVER AND SEVERABILITY OF TERMS
At any time, should American Publishing, LLC fail to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the TOS, such failure shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any provision of this TOS is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties’ intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the TOS remain in full force and effect.

NO RIGHT OF SURVIVORSHIP NON-TRANSFERABILITY
You acknowledge, understand and agree that your account is non-transferable and any rights to your ID and/or contents within your account shall terminate upon your death. Upon receipt of a copy of a death certificate, your account may be terminated and all contents therein permanently deleted.

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
You acknowledge, understand and agree that regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or action arising out of or related to the use of our Services or the TOS must be filed within year(s) after said claim or cause of action arose or shall be forever barred.

VIOLATIONS
Please report any and all violations of this TOS to American Publishing, LLC as follows:
Mailing Address:
American Publishing, LLC
Attn: Copyright Agent
17 Hoff Court, Suite B
Baltimore, Maryland 21221
Telephone: 443.231.7438
Fax: 410.238.2835
Email: karen.austin@uscybersecurity.net

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