Smart Cards Security In Biometrics

Identity and Access Control

Smart cards are essential to electronic identity and access management solutions. Indeed, this has been the case for at least 30 years now. Identity and access management can allow or deny access to specific users based on the business needs.

Identity cards come in various form factors. This can range from plastic cards, to magnetic stripe based cards, to the smarter chip based cards. All of these can be used in identity/access control depending on the size and complexity of the business.

Recent years have also seen the emergence of biometric solutions for verifying the identity of an individual and grant/deny access. These rely on matching of biometric factors like finger prints or retina scans to verify identity and help to provide fool proof authentication. In this article we explore how smart cards and biometrics can work together for enhanced security, privacy and performance.

Security requirements

Smart cards are both secure and portable. Additionally, they can securely store data. The smartness of smart cards is mainly due to an inbuilt microprocessor chip which can process data and perform calculations if required. This chip can also interact with a smart card reader. Smart cards are secure because they are tamper-proof. It is difficult to reverse engineer a smart card and access the information stored on it.

Smart cards also have various physical and logical security mechanisms embedded in them. This includes Faraday cage embodiment, light detection, attack detection, scrambled addressing of memory etc. While smart cards are secure devices, their security relies on the fact that the right person is in possession of the card. As a result, one can only correctly verify that a person actually is who he claims to be due to biometrics. Biometric authentication is inherently more secure than other authentication methods. This is because it relies on the entirely unique physiological or behavioral characteristics of a person.

Privacy requirements

When a person enrolls with any organization for a secured ID, he/she must share certain personal information as part of the enrollment process. After enrollment, the organization issuing the ID is responsible for protecting the information shared by the individual members. However, a higher amount of personal information required by the system, will result in more privacy concerns surrounding it. Indeed, biometric identification systems require personal biometric information. Therefore, biometric systems are widely considered more sensitive. Members or users would probably feel more safe if their personal information stayed with them.

Performance requirements

ID verification technology in the commercial scenario typically has a very significant peak usage period. That period is every morning when people login to work. Thus, during rush-hour, the verification must take place in seconds. This is the reason why “tap and go” contactless smart cards are so popular in these scenarios.

However, if one uses a biometric system for security reasons, it would require considerably higher processing power to compare the live template of the person signing it against the multiple templates stored on the centralized database. Additionally, it would require high processing power to find the correct match. Indeed, the more people access the system, the longer it will take to authenticate individuals.

To address the above requirements, the identity and access management solution should combine the security benefits offered by biometrics with the privacy and performance of smart cards.

Biometrics with Smart Cards

Smart cards and biometrics when used together complement each other and make up for the shortfalls of the individual systems. The privacy concern when using a biometric identification solution can be addressed by storing the biometric template data on the smart card so that it always stays with the user thus increasing the overall privacy and portability of the biometric template. Not only can the smart card store the biometric template, current smart card processors are also capable of extracting and processing the live template as well as matching it to the stored template. This would also enable the system to be in use during offline mode. This would automatically be more performance efficient then a straightforward biometric system as only a 1-to-1 match is required between the stored template and live template.

Benefits of a Combined System That Uses Smart Cards with Biometrics

Enhanced Privacy: Biometric information is secure on the card, which acts as a personal database, firewall and authentication terminal.
Enhanced Security: Biometric information helps accurately identify people with minimum ambiguity and ensures that the card is in the possession of its rightful owner, thus increasing the security of the overall system.
Better Performance: Smart cards offer contactless interfaces to readers. Common uses include 1-to-1 extraction and matching of biometric templates. In fact, this is possible without connecting to a remote central database. This makes the entire process faster.
Enhance Flexibility: Smart cards can be easily programmed to increase / change the data stored, change the authentication logic or include data from different Id systems. This could enable the introduction of improved biometric algorithms in the future.

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American Publishing, LLC will always respect the intellectual property of others, and we ask that all of our users to the same. With regards to appropriate circumstances and at its sole discretion, American Publishing, LLC may disable and/or terminate the accounts of any user who repeatedly violates our TOS and/or infringes the rights of others. If you feel that your work has been duplicated in such a way that would constitute copyright infringement, or if you believe your intellectual property rights have been otherwise violated, you should provide to us the following information:
a) The electronic or the physical signature of the individual that is authorized on behalf of the owner of the copyright or other intellectual property interest;
b) A description of the copyrighted work or other intellectual property that you believe has been
infringed upon;
c) A description of the location of the site which you allege has been infringing upon your work;
d) The physical address, telephone number, and email address;
e) A statement, in which you state that the alleged and disputed use of your work is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agents or the law;
f) And finally, a statement, made under penalty of perjury, that the aforementioned information in your notice is the truth and accurate, and that you are the copyright or intellectual property owner, representative or agent authorized to act on the copyright or intellectual property owner’s behalf. The American Publishing, LLC Agent for notice of claims of copyright or other intellectual property infringement can be contacted as follows:
Mailing Address:
American Publishing, LLC
Attn: Copyright Agent
17 Hoff Court, Suite B
Baltimore, Maryland 21221
Telephone: 443.231.7438
Fax: 410.238.2835
Email: karen.austin@uscybersecurity.net
CLOSED CAPTIONING
BE IT KNOWN, that American Publishing, LLC complies with all applicable Federal Communications Commission rules and regulations regarding the closed captioning of video content. For more information, please visit our website at www.uscybersecurity.net.

GENERAL INFORMATION
ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This TOS constitutes the entire agreement between you and American Publishing, LLC and shall govern the use of our Services, superseding any prior version of this TOS between you and us with respect to American Publishing, LLC Services. You may also be subject to additional terms and conditions that may apply when you use or purchase certain other American Publishing, LLC Services, affiliate Services, third-party content or third-party software.

CHOICE OF LAW AND FORUM
It is at the mutual agreement of both you and American Publishing, LLC with regard to the TOS that the relationship between the parties shall be governed by the laws of the state of Maryland without regard to its conflict of law provisions and that any and all claims, causes of action and/or disputes, arising out of or relating to the TOS, or the relationship between you and American Publishing, LLC, shall be filed within the courts having jurisdiction within the County of Baltimore, Maryland or the U.S. District Court located in said state. You and American Publishing, LLC agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts as previously mentioned, and agree to waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over the parties by such courts and to venue in such courts.

WAIVER AND SEVERABILITY OF TERMS
At any time, should American Publishing, LLC fail to exercise or enforce any right or provision of the TOS, such failure shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. If any provision of this TOS is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties’ intentions as reflected in the provision, and the other provisions of the TOS remain in full force and effect.

NO RIGHT OF SURVIVORSHIP NON-TRANSFERABILITY
You acknowledge, understand and agree that your account is non-transferable and any rights to your ID and/or contents within your account shall terminate upon your death. Upon receipt of a copy of a death certificate, your account may be terminated and all contents therein permanently deleted.

STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
You acknowledge, understand and agree that regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or action arising out of or related to the use of our Services or the TOS must be filed within year(s) after said claim or cause of action arose or shall be forever barred.

VIOLATIONS
Please report any and all violations of this TOS to American Publishing, LLC as follows:
Mailing Address:
American Publishing, LLC
Attn: Copyright Agent
17 Hoff Court, Suite B
Baltimore, Maryland 21221
Telephone: 443.231.7438
Fax: 410.238.2835
Email: karen.austin@uscybersecurity.net

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